Penerapan Biopestisida Nabati untuk Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan dalam Meningkatkan Hasil dan Keseimbangan Ekosistem
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55259/jiip.v32i1.301Keywords:
Biopestisida nabati, Ekosistem, Pengendalian hama, Pertanian ramah lingkunganAbstract
Penggunaan pestisida sintetis secara terus-menerus menimbulkan dampak serius seperti pencemaran lingkungan, hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati, dan resistensi hama terhadap bahan kimia, sehingga diperlukan alternatif yang lebih ramah lingkungan seperti biopestisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tren, efektivitas, dan potensi penerapan biopestisida nabati dalam mendukung pertanian ramah lingkungan guna meningkatkan hasil panen dan menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem. Metode yang digunakan adalah Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan bibliometrik, berdasarkan 21 artikel terbitan 2020–2025 yang diidentifikasi dari Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, dan Wiley Online Library. Analisis yang dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak VOSviewer dengan fokus pada kata kunci seperti biopesticide, botanical insecticide, dan pest population. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan biopestisida dari bahan seperti bawang putih, jahe, neem, dan umbi gadung terbukti efektif menekan populasi hama serta memperbaiki kualitas tanah dan biodiversitas. Visualisasi bibliometrik mengungkapkan peningkatan signifikan dalam minat riset sejak tahun 2023. Temuan ini memperkuat urgensi integrasi biopestisida dalam sistem pertanian berkelanjutan berbasis komunitas.
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