Authorship Criteria

1. General Principles of Authorship

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian (JIIP) is committed to maintaining transparency, integrity, fairness, and accountability in the recognition of scholarly authorship. Authorship represents both intellectual credit and responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of published research. The journal adopts an authorship policy informed by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Core Practices on Authorship and Contributorship, which emphasise transparent attribution of contributions and clear procedures for addressing authorship disputes.
JIIP recognises authorship as a responsibility that must reflect genuine and substantial intellectual contributions to scholarly work. According to the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship, scholarly authorship involves professional recognition, accountability, and the appropriate allocation of credit among individuals who contribute to research. Accordingly, all individuals identified as authors must satisfy the journal's authorship requirements and accept responsibility for their contributions.
These requirements apply to all manuscripts submitted to JIIP, including original research articles and other scholarly contributions accepted within the journal's scope of agricultural sciences, sustainable agriculture, agribusiness, agricultural extension, agricultural technology, animal husbandry, and food technology.

2. Criteria for Qualifying as an Author

JIIP requires every listed author to satisfy all four authorship criteria described below. These requirements are consistent with the principles discussed in the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship, which examines established international authorship standards, including the four-criterion framework developed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).
Criterion 1. Substantial Intellectual Contribution. An author must have made a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the research, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of research data. In agricultural research, qualifying contributions may include developing research hypotheses, designing field or laboratory experiments, establishing sampling strategies, performing substantial scientific analyses, or interpreting findings that contribute directly to the study's conclusions.
Criterion 2. Manuscript Drafting or Critical Revision. An author must have participated in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content. Substantial engagement in interpreting findings, evaluating scientific arguments, improving methodological explanations, or strengthening the discussion may qualify under this criterion. Routine proofreading or language correction alone does not establish authorship eligibility.
Criterion 3. Final Approval. Every author must review and approve the final version of the manuscript before submission and publication. Approval indicates that the author agrees with the presentation of the research, the reported findings, and the conclusions supported by the evidence.
Criterion 4. Accountability for Research Integrity. Every author must agree to take responsibility for their scholarly contributions and cooperate in addressing questions concerning the accuracy, reliability, or integrity of the research. Authors must be able to identify the responsibilities of their coauthors and participate appropriately in resolving concerns about the published work. The COPE authorship guidance identifies accountability and transparent recognition of research contributions as central elements of responsible authorship.
Individuals who do not satisfy all four criteria must not be listed as authors. Their contributions may instead be recognised in the Acknowledgements section, provided that the individuals have given permission to be acknowledged.

3. Authorship Contributions and Transparency

All authors must provide a clear and accurate description of their contributions to the submitted manuscript. Consistent with the COPE guidance on recognising potential authorship problems, JIIP encourages transparent contribution statements and the use of recognised contributor-role classifications where appropriate.
Author contributions may include conceptualisation, methodology, investigation, data curation, formal analysis, validation, resources, visualisation, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition, original manuscript drafting, and manuscript review and editing. Each contribution must accurately represent the author's actual involvement. Participation in one activity does not automatically confer authorship unless the individual satisfies the journal's complete authorship criteria.
The corresponding author must submit an accurate authorship contribution statement and confirm that every listed author has approved the attribution of their contributions. The journal may request additional information or documentation when questions arise about eligibility, contribution statements, or the completeness of the author list. This procedure reflects the transparency measures recommended in the COPE discussion of authorship declarations and journal-level authorship policies.

4. Author Order and Corresponding Author Responsibilities

The order of authors must reflect an agreement among all contributors who qualify for authorship. Authors should determine their order through transparent discussion, preferably during the early stages of manuscript preparation. The COPE guide on handling authorship disputes recommends discussing authorship responsibilities and expectations before manuscript preparation to reduce disagreements.
The first author should normally be the contributor who has taken a leading intellectual role in conducting the research and preparing the manuscript. The designation of the last author, senior author, or corresponding author must reflect the authors' agreement and the conventions of the relevant discipline. Academic rank, employment status, institutional authority, or administrative position must not independently determine authorship eligibility or order.
The corresponding author serves as the primary contact between JIIP and all coauthors throughout submission, peer review, revision, publication, and post-publication communication. The corresponding author must ensure that all listed authors satisfy the authorship criteria, approve the submitted manuscript, agree to the author order, and receive relevant editorial communications.
The corresponding author must also confirm that no eligible contributor has been omitted and that no individual has been included without their knowledge or consent. These responsibilities are consistent with the preventive measures outlined in the COPE recommendations for recognising and preventing inappropriate authorship practices.

5. Unacceptable Authorship Practices

JIIP prohibits inappropriate authorship practices, including ghost authorship, guest authorship, gift authorship, honorary authorship, and the deliberate misrepresentation of individual contributions. The journal applies the ethical principles established in the COPE flowchart on suspected ghost, guest, or gift authorship when evaluating concerns about the legitimacy of author attribution.
Ghost Authorship. Ghost authorship occurs when an individual who qualifies for authorship is deliberately excluded from the author list or when a substantial intellectual contributor's role is concealed.
Guest Authorship. Guest authorship occurs when an individual who does not satisfy the authorship requirements is included primarily to increase the perceived credibility, reputation, or likelihood of publication of a manuscript.
Gift or Honorary Authorship. Gift or honorary authorship occurs when authorship is granted as a personal favour, professional courtesy, reciprocal arrangement, or recognition of academic or administrative status without sufficient intellectual contribution.
JIIP does not permit authorship attribution based solely on providing research funding, supplying laboratory facilities, holding a supervisory position, granting access to agricultural research sites, performing routine data collection, or offering general administrative assistance. These activities may be acknowledged where appropriate but do not independently establish eligibility for authorship. The distinction between authorship and non-author contributions is addressed in the COPE Discussion Document on Authorship.

6. Acknowledgement of Non-Author Contributors

Individuals who contribute to a research project without meeting all authorship criteria should receive appropriate acknowledgement rather than authorship credit. Examples include agricultural field assistants, laboratory technicians, institutional administrators, research facilitators, language editors, and individuals providing technical or logistical assistance.
The Acknowledgements section should describe significant non-author contributions accurately and transparently. Following the COPE recommendations concerning acknowledgement and contributor consent, JIIP requires authors to obtain permission from individuals named in the Acknowledgements section, since public acknowledgement may imply their association with the published research.
Financial support, institutional assistance, access to research facilities, and other material support should be disclosed in the relevant funding or acknowledgement statements. Recognition of these contributions must not replace an accurate declaration of authorship.

7. Changes in Authorship Before Publication

JIIP requires authors to finalise the author list, author order, affiliations, and corresponding author designation before manuscript submission. Requests to add, remove, or reorder authors after submission must be supported by a clear explanation and written agreement from all affected and existing authors. The editorial office will evaluate such requests according to the relevant COPE flowchart on the addition of an author before publication and the COPE flowchart on the removal of an author before publication.
Any request for authorship modification must identify the proposed change, explain the reason for the change, describe the contributions of affected individuals, and include written confirmation of agreement from all authors. A newly added author must satisfy the journal's authorship criteria and approve the manuscript and authorship declaration.
If the authors cannot agree on a proposed change, JIIP may suspend manuscript review or publication until the disagreement has been resolved. The journal may request clarification from the relevant institutions where necessary. This approach is consistent with the COPE procedure for adding an author and the COPE procedure for removing an author before publication.

8. Authorship Changes After Publication

Requests to modify authorship after publication must be submitted to the Editor-in-Chief with supporting documentation and an explanation of the circumstances requiring correction. JIIP will assess the request in accordance with the principles of the COPE Core Practices on authorship, transparency, and post-publication corrections.
Where appropriate, the journal may publish an authorship correction or another suitable editorial notice to maintain the accuracy of the scholarly record. Changes will not be made solely at the request of one author when the proposed modification involves disputed authorship rights or unresolved disagreement among contributors.

9. Authorship Disputes and Editorial Procedures

JIIP encourages research teams to resolve authorship questions through early communication, accurate documentation, and mutual agreement. When disputes arise, the editorial team may request contribution statements, research records, authorship agreements, or relevant correspondence to clarify the circumstances. The COPE guide on handling authorship disputes recommends documentary evidence and institutional procedures as practical mechanisms for addressing disagreements.
Journal editors do not normally have the authority or sufficient access to research records to determine the rightful ownership of disputed intellectual contributions. Where disagreement cannot be resolved through communication among the authors, JIIP may refer the matter to the relevant institutions or competent research integrity authorities.
The journal may suspend editorial processing while an unresolved authorship dispute is assessed. If credible evidence indicates deliberate misrepresentation, falsified authorship declarations, or other publication misconduct, the editorial team may take appropriate action consistent with the COPE guidance for recognising potential authorship problems.

10. Authorship and the Use of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence systems, generative language models, and automated research tools cannot be recognised as authors because they cannot provide informed approval of a manuscript, accept responsibility for its scholarly integrity, or fulfil the legal and ethical obligations of human authorship. This position is consistent with the COPE guidance on authorship problems involving non-human entities and automated systems.
Authors must disclose substantive use of artificial intelligence in manuscript preparation, data analysis, figure development, or other research activities where such use affects the scholarly content. The disclosure should identify the relevant tools and explain their functions. All listed authors remain responsible for verifying factual accuracy, citations, originality, methodological integrity, and the reliability of AI-assisted research outputs.

11. Author Declaration and Submission Requirements

Before submitting a manuscript to JIIP, the corresponding author must confirm that all listed authors satisfy the journal's authorship requirements, have reviewed and approved the submitted version, and agree to the author list and contribution statement. This declaration reflects the authorship verification measures outlined in the COPE discussion of journal-level authorship policies and declarations.
The submission must accurately identify all authors, their institutional affiliations, their individual research contributions, and the designated corresponding author. Authors must also declare relevant financial and non-financial competing interests and disclose research funding in accordance with the journal's applicable submission requirements.
JIIP reserves the right to request written authorship declarations, clarification of contributor roles, or additional supporting documentation when necessary to verify compliance with this policy. Submission of a manuscript constitutes confirmation that the authors have read and agreed to the journal's published authorship requirements.

12. Editorial Responsibility and Policy Implementation

The Editor-in-Chief and editorial team of JIIP are responsible for implementing this policy consistently and fairly. The journal will assess authorship concerns on the basis of available evidence, documented contributions, and applicable publication ethics procedures. The COPE Core Practices establish the need for clearly communicated authorship requirements and transparent procedures for managing potential disputes.
When authorship concerns arise before or after publication, JIIP may seek explanations from the individuals concerned, request institutional clarification, or take appropriate editorial action to protect the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record. The journal will seek to ensure that legitimate contributors receive appropriate recognition and that authorship is not assigned to individuals who fail to satisfy its eligibility requirements.
By submitting their work to Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, all authors agree to uphold the principles of responsible authorship, accurate contribution disclosure, collaborative accountability, and ethical scholarly publication established in this policy.