Plagiarism Policy

1. General Policy and Commitment to Originality

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian (JIIP) is committed to maintaining academic integrity, research originality, intellectual honesty, and ethical scholarly communication. The journal strictly prohibits plagiarism and other practices that misrepresent the originality, authorship, or intellectual contribution of scientific research. This policy applies to all manuscripts submitted to JIIP and all articles published by the journal, regardless of their research methodology, manuscript category, or publication date.
JIIP implements its plagiarism prevention and management procedures in accordance with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Core Practices on Intellectual Property and Allegations of Misconduct, which emphasise the need for journals to establish clear policies defining plagiarism, addressing overlapping publications, and managing allegations of publication misconduct before and after publication.
The journal requires authors to submit original scholarly work that appropriately acknowledges the intellectual contributions of other researchers. All research findings, theoretical arguments, methodological explanations, textual material, figures, tables, and supporting data must be presented honestly and attributed to their legitimate sources whenever attribution is required.
JIIP recognises that the responsible prevention of plagiarism requires transparent editorial procedures, appropriate similarity screening, careful examination of documentary evidence, and proportionate responses to identified concerns. These principles are consistent with the COPE Flowchart on Plagiarism in a Submitted Manuscript, which recommends examining the extent and nature of copying before determining the appropriate editorial response.

2. Definition of Plagiarism

Plagiarism refers to the appropriation or presentation of another person's words, ideas, research findings, data, methods, figures, tables, or other intellectual contributions as one's own without appropriate acknowledgement. Plagiarism may involve direct copying, inadequately attributed paraphrasing, unauthorised reuse of research materials, or the misrepresentation of another researcher's intellectual work.
The COPE guidance on suspected plagiarism in submitted manuscripts distinguishes substantial unattributed copying from minor textual overlap and recommends that editors consider the extent of copying, the nature of the material, and whether original sources have been properly acknowledged.
Plagiarism may occur regardless of whether the source material originates from a journal article, book, dissertation, research report, conference proceeding, institutional document, dataset, website, preprint, or unpublished scholarly work. The availability of material through open access does not eliminate the obligation to acknowledge its source or comply with applicable copyright and licensing requirements.
JIIP considers plagiarism a violation of research and publication ethics when authors falsely represent intellectual contributions or conceal the origin of borrowed scholarly material. The assessment of an allegation must consider the available evidence, the nature of the overlap, and the significance of the unattributed material.

3. Forms of Plagiarism

3.1. Direct Plagiarism. Direct plagiarism occurs when an author reproduces sentences, paragraphs, or substantial passages from another source without quotation, accurate citation, or other appropriate acknowledgement. Changing the formatting or making minor alterations to copied text does not eliminate the requirement to acknowledge the original source.
3.2. Paraphrasing Plagiarism. Paraphrasing plagiarism occurs when an author reproduces another researcher's ideas, arguments, explanations, or analytical structure through modified wording without identifying the original source. Appropriate paraphrasing requires accurate attribution and a genuine reformulation of the source material.
3.3. Mosaic or Patchwork Plagiarism. Mosaic plagiarism involves combining copied or closely paraphrased material from multiple sources into a manuscript without sufficiently acknowledging the original contributions. Rearranging sentences or substituting individual words does not make improperly attributed material original.
3.4. Data and Research Plagiarism. Data plagiarism occurs when an author presents research data, experimental measurements, survey findings, statistical results, laboratory observations, or analytical outputs originating from another researcher as original findings without proper attribution or authorisation.
3.5. Figure, Table, and Image Plagiarism. This form of plagiarism involves reproducing or adapting another researcher's figures, photographs, graphs, maps, illustrations, or tables without appropriate attribution. Authors must also obtain permission when required by the original material's copyright or licence.
3.6. Translation Plagiarism. Translation plagiarism occurs when an author translates substantial material from another language and presents it as original writing without identifying the source. Translating previously published work does not remove the obligation to acknowledge the original author and publication.
3.7. Inappropriate Text Recycling. Text recycling occurs when authors reuse portions of their own previously published text, particularly without appropriate disclosure or attribution. The COPE Text Recycling Guidelines distinguish this practice from plagiarism of another person's work and recommend evaluating the amount, location, acknowledgement, and publication context of reused material.
JIIP evaluates suspected plagiarism according to its seriousness, scholarly consequences, and available documentary evidence. Not every textual similarity constitutes plagiarism, and different forms of overlap may require different editorial responses.

4. Similarity Screening and Plagiarism Detection

JIIP may use appropriate similarity detection software or other verification methods to identify textual overlap between submitted manuscripts and existing scholarly materials. Similarity screening may take place during initial editorial evaluation, manuscript revision, peer review, or post-publication investigation when concerns arise.
A similarity report identifies matching or overlapping text but does not independently establish plagiarism. Editors must examine the sources, context, extent of overlap, attribution practices, and significance of matching material. This evidence-based approach reflects the COPE procedure for checking the degree of copying in a submitted manuscript.
JIIP does not regard a numerical similarity score as conclusive evidence of ethical compliance or misconduct. A manuscript with a relatively low overall similarity score may still contain serious plagiarism if important ideas, original findings, or research data have been appropriated without proper acknowledgement. Conversely, a higher similarity score may result from properly cited quotations, references, standard scientific terminology, or conventional methodological descriptions.
The editorial team should evaluate relevant similarities individually and distinguish legitimate textual overlap from substantial unattributed reproduction. The COPE guidelines on text recycling specifically recommend considering where repeated text appears in a manuscript and whether the overlap raises concerns about the originality or reliability of the research.
Any numerical similarity threshold formally adopted by JIIP must be stated transparently in its Author Guidelines or another applicable policy. Such a threshold serves as an editorial screening indicator and must not replace the editor's assessment of research originality and attribution.

5. Author Responsibilities for Preventing Plagiarism

Authors must ensure that every manuscript submitted to JIIP represents original scholarly work and that borrowed ideas, text, data, figures, methods, and other intellectual contributions are acknowledged appropriately. Authors are responsible for verifying citations and ensuring that the manuscript does not misrepresent the ownership or origin of scientific information.
Authors must use appropriate quotation and citation practices when incorporating material from previous publications. Substantial adaptation of existing research must be acknowledged clearly, and relevant permissions must be obtained when required by copyright or licensing arrangements. These obligations support the COPE Core Practice on Intellectual Property.
Authors must disclose previous publications or related manuscripts containing substantially overlapping material. Any legitimate reuse of previously published methods, data, or other research components must be scientifically justified, appropriately referenced, and consistent with copyright requirements.
The corresponding author must confirm that all coauthors have reviewed and approved the manuscript and that they understand their responsibility for its originality and research integrity. Authors must cooperate with reasonable editorial requests for explanations, original source documents, supporting datasets, or other relevant evidence.

6. Text Recycling and Self-Plagiarism

JIIP recognises that reusing portions of an author's previously published text requires contextual evaluation rather than automatic classification as research misconduct. According to the COPE Text Recycling Guidelines, the editorial assessment should consider the amount of reused text, the section in which it appears, whether the original source is acknowledged, the manuscript type, and any relevant copyright restrictions.
Limited repetition of conventional methodological descriptions may be acceptable when necessary for accurate scientific reporting, provided the reuse is transparent and does not violate copyright or misrepresent the novelty of the research.
Substantial repetition of previously published results, discussions, or conclusions requires closer scrutiny because it may falsely suggest that previously reported findings constitute new scientific contributions. The COPE guidance on recycled text in Results, Discussion, and Conclusion sections highlights the importance of distinguishing legitimate overlap from redundant reporting of previously published research.
Authors must disclose related publications and explain any scientifically necessary overlap. Repeated publication of substantially identical research findings without adequate disclosure may constitute redundant or duplicate publication rather than merely inappropriate textual recycling.

7. Duplicate and Redundant Publication

JIIP does not accept the undisclosed publication of substantially identical research findings across multiple scholarly publications. Duplicate or redundant publication may involve repeated presentation of the same datasets, tables, images, analyses, or conclusions without sufficient scientific justification, acknowledgement, or additional contribution.
The COPE Flowchart on Redundant Publication in a Published Article distinguishes major undisclosed duplication from minor overlap, legitimate methodological reuse, and appropriately disclosed secondary analyses.
Authors must identify earlier publications derived from the same research project or dataset and clarify the distinct research questions, analyses, or findings contributed by the new manuscript. Legitimate secondary analyses may be considered when they offer a substantive scientific contribution and transparently acknowledge the original research.
The editorial team may reject or investigate manuscripts that contain concealed duplicate publication, misleading representations of novelty, or repeated reporting of the same research findings without appropriate disclosure.

8. Plagiarism in Agricultural Research

JIIP applies its plagiarism policy to research across agricultural sciences, including agronomy, agricultural technology, agribusiness, soil science, seed technology, food processing, agricultural extension, agricultural socio-economics, and animal husbandry. Authors must accurately acknowledge the origin of scientific concepts, experimental procedures, analytical techniques, field observations, and research data obtained from existing sources.
In experimental agricultural research, the unauthorised presentation of previously published crop yield data, soil measurements, laboratory analyses, treatment outcomes, or field experiment results as original findings constitutes a serious concern about research integrity.
In agricultural socio-economic and extension research, authors must acknowledge the sources of survey instruments, conceptual frameworks, established indicators, analytical models, and previously reported empirical findings. Adaptation of existing instruments or theoretical models must be described accurately.
Agricultural photographs, field maps, experimental diagrams, charts, and other visual materials must be attributed to their legitimate sources whenever they originate from previous work. Material reuse must comply with applicable permission and licensing requirements.

9. Procedures for Suspected Plagiarism Before Publication

When potential plagiarism is identified in a submitted manuscript, the editorial team will conduct a preliminary assessment to determine the nature and extent of the suspected overlap. Editors may review similarity reports, compare original sources, examine manuscript content, and request additional documentary evidence.
JIIP follows the COPE Flowchart on Plagiarism in a Submitted Manuscript, which recommends obtaining documentary evidence, evaluating the degree of copying, distinguishing minor overlap from substantial plagiarism, and communicating concerns to the corresponding author through an appropriate editorial process.
Where the identified overlap is minor and does not involve misattribution of research data or other substantial intellectual contributions, the editorial team may request corrections, accurate citations, or appropriate rewriting before further consideration.
When substantial unattributed copying is identified, the editor may suspend manuscript evaluation and request a written explanation from the corresponding author. Authors should receive sufficient information about the concern and an appropriate opportunity to provide clarification or supporting evidence.
If the evidence establishes serious plagiarism or the authors fail to provide a satisfactory explanation, the manuscript may be rejected. Where justified, the journal may notify the authors' institution or another appropriate research integrity authority. Such actions are consistent with the COPE procedural guidance concerning confirmed plagiarism in submitted manuscripts.
The editorial team must document the evidence, relevant correspondence, explanations received, and the reasons supporting its decision. A manuscript must not be rejected on an unsupported allegation of plagiarism alone.

10. Procedures for Suspected Plagiarism After Publication

JIIP takes credible allegations of plagiarism in published articles seriously, regardless of when the concern is raised. Reports may originate from readers, researchers, reviewers, editors, institutions, or other individuals who provide relevant information about possible unattributed copying.
The editorial team will assess the available evidence in accordance with the COPE Flowchart on Plagiarism in a Published Article, which recommends verifying documentary evidence, evaluating the extent of copying, contacting the corresponding author, and determining an appropriate editorial response.
The corresponding author may be asked to explain the suspected overlap, provide relevant source documentation, and clarify the attribution of the disputed material. Where appropriate, the journal may contact other coauthors, affected researchers, or the relevant institution.
Minor attribution errors that do not substantially compromise the originality or integrity of the published article may be addressed through an appropriate correction. Serious plagiarism involving substantial unattributed material, misappropriated data, or misleading claims of originality may require retraction or other corrective editorial action.
The journal will communicate the outcome to relevant parties as appropriate while respecting confidentiality, procedural fairness, and applicable legal obligations. Its primary objective is to maintain the integrity and accuracy of the published scholarly record.

11. Editorial Decisions and Corrective Actions

JIIP determines appropriate editorial action according to the severity of the concern, the reliability of the supporting evidence, the author's explanation, the impact on the scholarly record, and the publication stage at which the issue is identified.
Possible measures include requests for citation correction, manuscript revision, rejection, post-publication correction, publication of an expression of concern, retraction, or referral to an appropriate institution for further investigation.
These responses reflect the graduated procedures described in the COPE guidance for plagiarism in submitted manuscripts and the COPE guidance for plagiarism in published articles, which distinguish minor textual problems from serious misappropriation of intellectual work.
Editorial measures must be proportionate to the established facts. The journal will not treat every instance of textual similarity as misconduct, nor will it permit the correction of references alone to conceal serious or deliberate misrepresentation of intellectual contributions.

12. Confidentiality, Fair Investigation, and Appeals

JIIP will handle plagiarism allegations objectively and confidentially to the extent reasonably possible. Editors must avoid premature conclusions, personal accusations, and discriminatory treatment during the assessment of suspected publication misconduct.
The COPE Core Practice on Allegations of Misconduct recommends that journals maintain clearly described procedures for responding to allegations before and after publication, including concerns raised by whistleblowers and other parties.
Authors whose manuscripts are subject to plagiarism concerns should receive a reasonable opportunity to respond to the relevant evidence. The editorial team may seek independent clarification or institutional assistance where the available information is insufficient to establish the facts.
Authors may request reconsideration of an editorial decision when they can identify a material factual error, provide relevant new evidence, or demonstrate that the applicable procedure was not followed. Appeals must be submitted through the journal's official communication channels and will be assessed according to its editorial policies.
An appeal does not automatically invalidate the original editorial decision. The journal will determine whether reconsideration is justified by the available evidence and the circumstances of the case.

13. Plagiarism Prevention and Use of Artificial Intelligence

Authors remain responsible for the originality, accuracy, and proper attribution of all manuscript content, including text, analysis, references, and other materials prepared with the assistance of artificial intelligence or automated writing tools.
Artificial intelligence must not be used to conceal the origin of previously published material, generate fabricated citations, reproduce copyrighted content without appropriate attribution, or disguise plagiarism through automated paraphrasing or translation.
The use of artificial intelligence does not remove an author's responsibility to identify and acknowledge the original sources of scholarly information. JIIP evaluates suspected plagiarism in AI-assisted manuscripts using the same evidence-based standards applied to other submissions.
Authors must comply with the journal's Artificial Intelligence Policy, including applicable disclosure requirements, and independently verify the accuracy and originality of material produced or modified using automated systems.

14. Policy Compliance and Implementation

All authors submitting manuscripts to JIIP must comply with this Plagiarism Policy, the journal's Publication Ethics, Authorship Criteria, Author Guidelines, and other applicable editorial requirements.
The Editor-in-Chief and editorial team are responsible for implementing this policy consistently, evaluating suspected plagiarism fairly, documenting relevant editorial actions, and protecting the integrity of published research.
JIIP may review and update its plagiarism prevention and investigation procedures to reflect developments in publication ethics, research integrity, plagiarism detection technologies, and applicable scholarly publishing standards. Such revisions should remain consistent with the COPE Core Practices concerning Intellectual Property, Allegations of Misconduct, and Post-Publication Corrections.
By submitting a manuscript to Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian, all authors confirm that they understand and accept their responsibility to uphold originality, provide accurate attribution, disclose relevant previous publications, and cooperate with legitimate editorial inquiries concerning possible plagiarism.